Keywords
atherosclerosis
endocan
carotid intima media thickness
How to Cite
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Inflammation leads to endothelial cells activation. Activated endothelial cells with increased leukocytes adhesion molecules expression, which can induce endothelial dysfunction (ED) and atherosclerosis.
Aim: to measure the serum level of Human endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (endocan) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and to evaluate its relation to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
Materials and methods: the study included 30 consecutive RA patients, and 30 healthy control subjects. RA disease activity was measured by the DAS-28 score. Serum endocan was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS program version 16.
Results: There was a significant elevation in Endocan level in RA patients (1.81 ± 0.66 ng/ml) compared to control group (1.41 ± 0.59ng/ml) (P= 0.012). Serum endocan levels showed significant positive correlation with disease activity score-28(DAS-28), ESR, CRP, LDL and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) (P = 0.015, 0.004, <0.001, 0.008, 0.005 respectively). Linear regression analysis revealed that the serum endocan level, age and disease activity were independent predictors for cIMT, and atherosclerosis development in RA patients.
Conclusion: Endocan is a useful marker to predict endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
References
Sanmartí R, Ruiz-Esquide V, Hernández MV. Rheumatoid arthritis: a clinical overview of new diagnostic and treatment approaches. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2013; 13 (6): 698-704.
Firestein GS. Evolving concepts of rheumatoid arthritis. Nature 2003; 423(6937): 356-61.
Lauper K, Gabay C. Cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Seminars in Immunopathology 2017; 39 (4): 447-59.
Canpolat U, Kocyigit D, Yildirim A. Role of endothelial dysfunction and endocan in atherosclerosis: point of origin or end point? Angiology. 2020; 71 (5):477.
Sandoo A, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJCS, Metsios GS, Carroll D, Kitas GD. Vascular function and morphology in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. Rheumatology. 2011; 50(11):2125–39.
Pompilio G, Capogrossi MC, Pesce M Alamanni F, DiCampli C, Achilli F, Germani A, Biglioli P. Endothelial progenitor cells and cardiovascular homeostasis: clinical implications. International Journal of Cardiology. 2009; 131(2): 156-67.
Kali A, Shetty KSR. Endocan: a novel circulating proteoglycan. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2014; 46: 579-83.
Béchard D, Gentina T, Delehedde M, Scherpereel A, Lyon M, Aumercier M Vazeux R, Richet C, Degand P, Jude B, Janin A. Endocan is a novel chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate proteoglycan that promotes hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor mitogenic activity Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2001; 276(51):48341-9.
Uslu AU, Kucuk A, Balta S, Ozturk C, Arslan S, Tekin L, Kucuksen S, Toker A, Kayrak M. The relation between ischemia modified albumin levels and carotid intima media thickness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 2019; 22 (1): 32-7.
Coll B, Feinstein SB. Carotid intima-media thickness measurements: techniques and clinical relevance. Current atherosclerosis reports. 2008 Oct 1; 10(5):444-50.
Kedar MP, Acharya RV, Prakashini K. Performance of the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) criteria for classification of rheumatoid arthritis in an Indian population: an observational study in a single centre. Indian Journal of Medical Research 2016; 144 (2): 288-92.
Van Gestel AM, Haagsma CJ, van Riel PLCM. Validation of rheumatoid arthritis improvement criteria that include simplified joint counts. Arthritis & Rheumatology 1998; 41 (10): 1845-50.
Hurst RT, Ng DW, Kendall C, Khandheria B. Clinical use of carotid intima-media thickness: review of the literature. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2007 Jul 1; 20(7):907-14.
Mahgoub MY, Fouda AI, Elshambaky AY, Elgazzar WB, Shalaby SA. Validity of endocan as a biomarker in systemic sclerosis: relation to pathogenesis and disease activity. Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation. 2020 Dec; 47(1):1-6.
Peat J, Barton B. Medical statistics: A guide to data analysis and critical appraisal. John Wiley & Sons; 2008 Apr 15.
Weber AJ, De Bandt M. Angiogenesis: General mechanisms and implications for rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2000; 67(5): 366-83.
Maurage CA, Adam E, Minéo JF, Sarrazin S, Debunne M, Siminski RM, Baroncini M, Lassalle P, Blond S, Delehedde M.. Endocan expression and localization in human glioblastomas. Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology. 2009 Jun 1 ;68(6):633-41.
Grigoriu BD, Depontieu F, Scherpereel A, Gourcerol D, Devos P, Ouatas T, Lafitte JJ, Copin MC, Tonnel AB, Lassalle P. Endocan expression and relationship with survival in human non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12(15): 4575-82.
Kim KS, Lee YA, Ji HI, Song R, Kim JY, Lee SH, Hong SJ, Yoo MC, Yang HI. Increased expression of endocan in arthritic synovial tissues: Effects of adiponectin on the expression of endocan in fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11(4): 2695-702.
Favero G, Paganelli C, Buffoli B, Rodella LF, Rezzani R. Endothelium and its alterations in cardiovascular diseases: Life style intervention BioMed Research International 2014, doi.org/10.1155/2014/801896
Icli A, Cure E, Cure MC, Uslu AU, Balta S, Mikhailidis DP, Ozturk C, Arslan S, Sakız D, Sahin M, Kucuk A. Endocan levels and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Angiology 2016;67(8): 749-55.
Skeoch S, Bruce IN. Atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis: is it all about inflammation? Nature Reviews Rheumatology 2015; 11 (7): 390-400.
Abdelsalam N, Mohamed AH, Abdellatif S, Eid E, Rizk EM, Rizk MA. Serum Level of Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule-1 (ESM-1) as a New Potential Biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity. The Open Rheumatology Journal. 2018 Nov 30; 12(1):189-96.
TUZCU G, USLU AU, Tuzcu A, BAYKARA RA, Omma A, KÜÇÜK A. A novel marker relationship between carotid intima-media thickness and disease activity score-28 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: human endothelial cell-specific molecule-1. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. 2019 Dec 16; 49(6):1599-605.
Balta I, Balta S, Koryurek OM, Demirkol S, Mikhailidis DP, Celik T, Cakar M, Kucuk U, Eksioglu M, Kurt YG. Serum endocan levels as a marker of disease activity in patients with Behçet disease. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2014 Feb 1;70(2):291-6.
Ozalper V, Kara M, Tanoglu A, Cetındaglı I, Ozturker C, Hancerlı Y, Hıra S, Kara K, Beyazıt Y, Yazgan Y. Evaluation of endothelial dysfunction in patients with familial Mediterranean fever: the relationship between the levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine and endocan with carotid intima–media thickness and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Clinical rheumatology. 2017 Sep 1; 36(9):2071-7.
Yilmaz Y, Durmuş RB, Saraçoğlu B, Şahin S, Adrovic A, Barut K, Yildiz SÖ, Kasapçopur Ö, Ömeroğlu RE. The assessment of serum endocan levels in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Archives of rheumatology. 2018 Jun; 33(2):168-73.
Bălănescu P, Lădaru A, Bălănescu E, Voiosu T, Băicuş C, Dan GA. Endocan, novel potential biomarker for systemic sclerosis: Results of a pilot study. J Clin Lab Anal 2016; 30(5): 368-73.
Voiosu T, Bălănescu PA, Benguş AN, Voiosu A, Baicuş CR, Barbu M, Ladaru A, Nitipir C, Mateescu B, Diculescu M, Voiosu R. Serum endocan levels are increased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clinical laboratory. 2014; 60(3):505-10.
Kundi H, Gok M, Kiziltunc E, Topcuoglu C, Cetin M, Cicekcioglu H, Ugurlu B, Ulusoy FV. The relationship between serum endocan levels with the presence of slow coronary flow: a cross-sectional study. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis. 2017 Jul; 23(5):472-7.
Bicer M, Guler A, Unal Kocabas G, Imamoglu C, Baloglu A, Bilgir O, Yuksel A, Bozkaya G, Calan M. Endocan is a predictor of increased cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrine research. 2017 Apr 3; 42(2):145-53.
Balamir I, Ates I, Topcuoglu C, Turhan T. Association of endocan, ischemia-modified albumin, and hsCRP levels with endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Angiology. 2018 Aug;69(7):609-16.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.